Concepts Learned to a Real-life Simulation Experience Research Paper

Concepts Learned to a Real-life Simulation Experience - Research Paper Example Now, on the right hand side of the equation, ‘e’ is taken as the number of times the interest is compounded. Now if we substitute the values in the equation we can get the following results. National First    Prime Rate 3.25% Floor Rate 6.75% Number of times compounded Semiannually i 0.1 e 2 a 10.25% Regions Best    Prime Rate 13.17% Number of times compounded Monthly i 13.17% e 12 a 13.99% (ii) Thus it is apparent from the above calculation that the company should borrow from National First Bank as it is charging interest at a lesser Equivalent rate which is 10.25%. If we suppose that the company acquires loan amounting to $ 8 million, then following will be the annual interest charge that the company will have to record in its income statement Loan Amount Bank Rate on interest Interest Charge $ 8,000,000 National First 10.25% $ 820,000.00 $ 8,000,000 Regions Best 13.99% $ 1,119,200.00 Thus it is apparent from the above calculation that in case of National First Ban k, the company would have to pay lesser amount of interest as compared to that if the loan amount was obtained from Regions Best Bank. By adopting to obtain funds from National First, the company will save $299,200 on account of interest payments. (iii) Evaluating the proposal of Regions Best, the following formula is to be used (Figure a) The above mentioned formula is termed as the formula for ‘annuity’ in which â€Å"P† is the present value of the cumulative amount, â€Å"R† is the period payments, â€Å"I† is the period interest rate and â€Å"n† is the number of period for which the funds were borrowed. As per the terms decided with the Regions Best, the company will pay interest at 8.6% which shall be compounded monthly (that is why the ‘I’ in the formula of annuity has been divided by 12). Substituting the values we get P $ 6,950,000 i 8.60% n 5 years R $142,925 monthly Following is the loan schedule further explaining the computation Loan Schedule Months Opening Balance Annual Payments Interest Charged (8.6/12) Principal Paid Closing Balance 1 6,950,000 142,925 49,808 93,117 6,856,883 2 6,856,883 142,925 49,141 93,784 6,763,099 3 6,763,099 142,925 48,469 94,456 6,668,643 4 6,668,643 142,925 47,792 95,133 6,573,510 5 6,573,510 142,925 47,110 95,815 6,477,695 6 6,477,695 142,925 46,423 96,502 6,381,193 7 6,381,193 142,925 45,732 97,193 6,284,000 8 6,284,000 142,925 45,035 97,890 6,186,110 9 6,186,110 142,925 44,334 98,591 6,087,519 10 6,087,519 142,925 43,627 99,298 5,988,221 11 5,988,221 142,925 42,916 100,010 5,888,212 12 5,888,212 142,925 42,199 100,726 5,787,485 13 5,787,485 142,925 41,477 101,448 5,686,037 14 5,686,037 142,925 40,750 102,175 5,583,862 15 5,583,862 142,925 40,018 102,907 5,480,955 16 5,480,955 142,925 39,280 103,645 5,377,310 17 5,377,310 142,925 38,537 104,388 5,272,922 18 5,272,922 142,925 37,789 105,136 5,167,786 19 5,167,786 142,925 37,036 105,889 5,061,897 20 5,061,897 142,92 5 36,277 106,648 4,955,249 21 4,955,249 142,925 35,513 107,412 4,847,836 22 4,847,836 142,925 34,743 108,182 4,739,654 23 4,739,654 142,925 33,968 108,958 4,630,696 24 4,630,696 142,925 33,187 109,738 4,520,958 25 4,520,958 142,925 32,400 110,525 4,410,433 26 4,410,433 142,925 31,608 111,317 4,299,116 27 4,299,116 142,925 30,810 112,115 4,187,001 28 4,187,001 142,925 30,007 112,918

The sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong - Assignment Example They are the barely remembered sweethearts, or the cherished sweethearts who only exist on photographs. They are conceived as remote objects of sexual desires. The Sweetheart of Song Tra Bong is the lone story that uses a woman as the protagonist. Even before, the woman’s individual emotional response and deep feeling continues to be mysterious. Her story is sieved through a man’s reciting. Something that can be learned from the story of Mary Anne is that the war impacts women as it does to men. Just like men, women can be infuriated and wild. In the story, the insanity and lunacy are manifested through various literary shocks: for instance, the naà ¯ve Madonna stature to the erotic flirt. Mary Anne did not only become a seductive man-slaughterer but has also turned out to be a promiscuous woman. At the beginning of the story, Marry Anne is portrayed as a very American innocent. She is depicted as someone so familiar to both the soldiers in the story and to the readers. She resembles an ordinary American girl who wants to have her own family. The account of her transformation into a beast reflects the modification of the soldiers. They go to the battle as innocent boys; eventually, they return from war as murderers. Prior to the completion of Mary Anne’s transformation, she starts by obscuring the boundary of identifiable gender roles. She no longer takes the shower, she conceals her long hair, and she no longer wears make up. She has mutated into something manly and in spite of her transformation, she is even glad about it. The soldiers go shocked and disturbed by her rebellion. Mary Anne may have shied away from the thoughts that she is a woman, but she still maintains a bit of her sexual charm. Despite the fact that she has already transformed herself and very manly, she stays to be the killer seductress who would lure soldiers of her charisma. Mary Anne’s transformation is one that takes a pattern of a normal human

Sutherland Global Services Is A Financial Corporation Marketing Essay

Sutherland Global Services Is A Financial Corporation Marketing Essay For any business excellent customer service is the income. Bringing back the customers is the best customer service. And in relation send them away pleased happy enough to pass encouraging criticism about the business alongside others, who may perhaps then attempt the merchandise or service you recommend for them and in turn into repeat clients. You can offer advancement and cut prices to bring in as many fresh customers as you want, but unless you can search out some of those customers to come back, there will no profit for a long time in your business. If the firm truly wish for having good customer service, all you have to do is make sure that your business constantly does these things: Respond to the customers phone call. Dont give the customer promises unless you will fulfil the promise. Listen to your customers patiently while they are talking and make appropriate responses to show the customers that we are listening. After listening to the customers issue, we have an idea how to deal with complaints. Be helpful towards the customers even if there are no instant financial gains in it. If you have any staff, give training to be always supportive or helpful, knowledgeable, and chivalrous. By taking the extra steps does not mean that you have to tell the customer to search for it, you have to guide them to the right path and wait if they have any queries. Throw in some additional information about the product that the customer buys. Following these eight steps, ones business will be known for their good and excellent customer service. The irony of the excellent customer service is that this will increase the number of new customers is the best part. (Ward 2010) For dealing with the customer service, I have opted Sutherland Global Services for doing the research, as the firm is widely known and personally I was a member of the customer service team in this BPO firm. SUTHERLAND GLOBAL SERVICES Sutherland Global Services is a financial corporation headquartered in Rochester, New York. There are 22,000 employees employed in this business process outsourcing firm and operations in seven countries including India, the Philippines, Canada, Mexico and Bulgaria. Sutherland cherishes their customers or clients as their business companions. They are enthusiastic and keen to provide the highest quality service to the customers and will treat their target and objectives as companys own. The firm will boost their aggressive benefit by constantly higher than the expectations. Sutherland Industries: Globalization, expertise promotion, lesser telecommunications expenses, and the adulthood of outsourcing facility providers are motivating companies to influence business process outsourcing (BPO) as a tactical move towards the enhancement of efficiency and taken as a whole functional efficiency. Industries that serve a large number of customers are the most important beneficiaries of a BPO. Because of the physical scenery of the business processes that are mandatory to attain, sustain and retain their customers, companies in these industries are outsourcing a variety of customer-facing and back-office operation. For more than two decades, Sutherland Global Services has built and managed outsourced operations for 1000 companies crossways numerous industries. Over the course of 20 years of experience, Sutherland has urbanized a demonstrated method for supervising outsourced operations that is applied to BPO whereabouts athwart any industry. By sternly clinging to this evolution on each commitment, the company is able to trim down start-up and changeover endangers, accomplish beleaguered objectives more rapidly, and run a more reliable steady-state operation on the clients behalf. Sutherland offers specialized BPO services for the following industries: (i) Retail/e-Retail (ii) Insurance (iii) Mortgage (iv) Banking/Financial services (v) Healthcare (vi) Telecommunication (vii) Technology (viii) Energy/Utilities and (ix) Travel and hospitality. Retail/e-Retail: Retailers function in a globe of tremendous market volatility, cost pressure and supply-chain intricacy. Sutherland supplies incorporated customer-facing and significant back-office support services to a high-speed increasing roll of key leaders in the vend space. Sutherlands services are geared in the direction of conventional trade, online/e-commerce and direct to customer oriented companies looking for an incorporated resolution. For each client or customer, the firm designed a personalized explanation built just about their explicit needs together with safety, skill and equipment, procedure, quality and exposure. Leveraging the firms field knows how, expertise, processes, and infrastructure, Sutherland helps worldwide retail firms concentrate on end-to-end dare. Insurance: Sutherland furnishes public and private Insurance companies an end- to-end scheme to perk up their functioning efficiencies and enables them to vie more capably which in turn facilitate them to innovate and generate a eternal aggressive benefit. In particular, Sutherland delivers: cost lessening and a changeable cost replica income increases through various allocation channels go around time upgrading for field force and members/consumers the aptitude to bring a steady customer skill Mortgage: Mortgage originators must productively deal with outlay in the phizog of altering technological, operational, and personnel demands. Sutherlands Mortgage Origination services drastically lesser the risks and expenses linked with a multiplicity of business processes rise above the entire instigation sequence. Sutherland can considerably improve a lenders output, customer satisfaction, and income generating occasion. Banking/Financial services: Financial or Banking services companies in each section are beneath strong stress to stay on beneficial. Customer expectations keep on increasing as business leaders features expenditure challenges. Sutherland Global Services suggests a BPO model for contact centre and back-office processes. Delivery options comprise North American aground, work at home, offshore service delivery via the facilities in the Bulgaria, Canada, India, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, United Kingdom and United States. Healthcare: Generally in customer-focused industries, Health Insurance companies are appraising tactical sourcing alternatives that will consent to them to improved control costs, diminish resource expenditures and get better level of overhaul they deliver to their customers. One way, Health Insurance companies can achieve these objectives is to deem choosy Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) for definite sales, customer service, claims organizational and back-office processing functions. Technology: Sutherland has about two decades of experience with building and controlling sales, advertising and customer support operations for the technology industry. Sutherland Global is branded and recognized in the industry for knowledge, realm skill and track-record of grades working with some of the most flourishing names in the hi-tech industry. Energy/Utilities: Travel and Hospitality: Sutherland understands that travel and hospitality companies functions multifaceted organizations with many global business units overseeing separate PL responsibilities. As business and individual journey experience stable quantity increases, every company faces passionate rivalry to supply astonishing customer service while controlling outlay. Companies must swiftly take action to varying consumer demands, which requires litheness and flexibility in operations, customer relationship management and back office processes. Telecommunication: It habitually seems hard to locate a business with the aim of more competitive than telecommunications. Service providers are quickly escalating an innovative service skill and insistently entering fresh markets, blurring the lines connecting voice, data, cable, IP and wireless. Exceptional cost and rigid pressure is making it trickier for providers to nurture market share and deal with a healthy profit image. For numerous telecommunications service providers, outsourcing definite client contact centre and back-office procedure is a reasonable and significant way to stay competitive and nurture their industry. That is why the top telecommunications companies have trusted on Sutherland for more than a decade to experience a variety of aspects of their customer lifecycle management errands. Sutherlands has formed for the following types of service providers for outsourcing services for the telecommunications industry. Those are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Traditional wire line à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wireless/mobile à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Satellite à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data network operators à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internet online service providers (Sutherland Global Services 2009) Research Questions Why Sutherland Global succeeds? How others make benefit? How does Sutherland Global make impact on various sectors? Research Objectives It is very essential for a company to make a good relationship with the customer and the company. This should be the main motto of the company to make a customer happy after getting solved all the issues of the customer. The important factor to set up nonstop or long term achievement is by giving importance to the customers. The main advantage of the company is to deliver quality services to customers and will certainly increase the selling opportunities for a happy customer. By this the company will grow autonomously. Some companies only focus getting new customers and ignore the value of the old customers. They forget that these old customers has helped them the chance to grow. They knew that getting new clients instead of the old ones will be more profitable. But they forget that generating new clients will be more expensive than they are already in the asset. (Customer Service BPO 2008) Customer service always helps to make an industry more profitable. By keeping the old customers and gaining new ones, brilliant customer service is crucial to any business replica. Human resources professionals must be able to give explanation for the importance of customer service teaching and extract from organization broad support for a complete programme. (Reheer 1999) Research Philosophies: The researcher establishes assumption, examines and analyzes the active facts and synthesizes the substantiation into a feasible hypothetical sculpt. Nuisance dealing with objectives, syllabus, course content, desires and style are but a small number of the vital issues that can be determined only through the theoretical or philosophical mode of crisis solving. Even though a few authors give emphasis to the distinction among science and philosophy, the philosophic process of study follows fundamentally the similar steps as other methods of technical means of solving. The philosophic approach uses systematic facts as the foundation for formulating and test to do research suggestion. (Jerry R. Thomas 2005) Literature Review: Why chosen BPO for Research Method? Business process outsourcing or else recognized as BPO is the procedure of leveraging skill vendors in a variety of third worlds or developing countries for doing a career which was on one occasion the dependability of the venture. Or in simple thoughts, it is the method of shifting an internal occupation practice to an outside or external corporation which might have an entirely dissimilar ecological locality. The reassigning of internal business processes, for instance, customer relationship organization, investment secretarial, human resources and acquisition , to an external service source that improves these processes and administers these functions to an approved service criterion and, classically, at a abridged expenditure. In general, the processes being outsourcing as division of BPO are backend works like call centres, medical transcription, billing, payroll processing, and data entry and so on. Most of these jobs are outsourced by first world nations like USA and UK to third world nations like India, Philippines, China, Malaysia and some eastern European countries. These nations have a good number of English speaking youth who are given accent and job related training before they are inducted at a salary which is much lesser than what their counterparts in first world nations would require. This allows first world organizations to get advanced profits and offer improved services by lowering the prices and by recruiting more work than they could possibly do. In addition to promoting the first world nations economic standard, business process outsourcing has also benefited third world nations by generating much needed jobs. In the early days, BPO typically consisted of outsourcing processes such as payroll. Then it grew to take in employee reimbursement management. Now it includes a number of functions that are measured non-core to the primary business strategy. Now it is common for organizations to outsource fiscal and management processes, human resources functions, accounting and payroll and call centre and customer service performance. These outsourcing deals commonly engross multi-year contracts that can run into hundreds of millions of dollars. Frequently, the people performing the work within for the client firm are transferred and have converted into employees for the service provider. Leading outsourcing service providers in the BPO fields include US companies are Sutherland Global Services, IBM, Accenture, and Hewitt Associates, as well as European and Asian companies Capgemini, Genpact, TCS, Wipro, Infosys and many more and some of which also dominate the IT outsourcing business. (Ritu Thapar . 2010) PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH METHOD: ETHICS Business ethics is fairly ancient as a subject of personage and social apprehension, but it is comparatively newly fangled as an area of social logical analysis. The late 20th century was a deafening instance for business ethics. (Trevià ±o and Weaver 2003) Limitations of doing research: No access to information: As doing the research, there was any access to information while browsing because of the company policy. The firm will only give access to their company policy only if t helps their employees, agents and trusted third party service providers. (Privacy Policy, 2010) Lack of knowledge: It could be difficult completing the coursework with no knowledge about the sector or subject you have chosen. Resistance in companies and people for sharing knowledge

Comparing Feminism in Frankenstein and Dracula :: comparison compare contrast essays

Throughout the texts we have read in English thus far have been feminist issues. Such issues range from how the author published the book to direct, open statements concerning feminist matters. The different ways to present feminist issues is even directly spoken of in one of the essays we read and discussed. The less obvious of these feminist critiques is found buried within the texts, however, and must be read carefully to understand their full meaning- or to even see them. Mary Shelley's anonymous publishing of her very powerful Frankenstein is a fine example of feminism found in society. Many have criticized her for allowing her husband, Percy Shelley, to edit her work. The society of her day has also received much negative criticism for not allowing her to publish her works with her name directly attached, by non-verbally agreeing they would not buy the works of a woman. For they believed that a woman's work could not live up to the superiority of a man's. Societal disapproval of women taking on roles outside of the home are surprisingly found also within her book. A person can easily see evidence of this, as Walton's sister Margaret is addressed only in letters, with no mention of any accomplishments with the exception of staying home and "being there" for Walton. Elizabeth herself didn't leave home to go on trips, not even when her "dearest Victor" was in the darkest of his troubles. It was not Elizabeth who went to comfort her fiance, she instead remained at home to care for the household affairs. This was no doubt a better place for her, as the society of the times demanded Mary Shelley to agree so that her literature would be sold. Johanna Smith spoke directly of feminism in several cultures, highlighting on French, British, and American cultures. She spoke of language and politics as they related to feminism. Another woman who directly spoke of feminism was Simone de Beauvoir. Her works highly criticized the way society, particularly men, worked women to a ragged condition. In retrospect, Smith analyzed cultural feminism, while Beauvoir attacked societal feminism. Bram Stoker craftily allows women to take charge, though at times he allows them to seem pitiful creatures in need of male protection and care. Through the word "journal" in reference to Mina's writings, Stoker allows her to be equal with her male companions. She is also put on the level by being allowed to travel and be an active part of their discussions and works.

History Of The Judicial Depart Of The Philippines

The Paradigm (from Transmissional to Transactional) Shift of education in the Philippines is the transfer of teaching concepts from the Traditional â€Å"bookish and direct learning approach† Teaching into a 21st Century Teaching focused on developing the learners HOTS (higher order thinking skills). These HOTS is the demonstration of the learners critical thinking ability, and to go beyond the four walls of the classroom by applying their learning into the 7 domains Identified by the Department of Education (DepEd).In the traditional way of teaching, the learners are only developing the lower part of the Domain of Learning, which are identified as LOTS (lower order thinking skills). This is the memorization intensive class, where the learners are forced to memorize a long list of items, in order to be able to answer in the Objective Type quizzes and Exams. Example: Using the LOTS, students would simply answer the question, â€Å"Who is the first astronaut?†,and then a selection of a,b,c,d from which the students will choose from.These is the Mechanical type of learning, where students would simply do the same thing (memorize) and be able to answer the same type of exam or questioning method in a heartbeat without even knowing the deeper part of it or can’t even explain the answer. LOTS (lower order thinking skills) are:Knowledge, Application, ComprehensionHowever, in the HOTS intensive teaching, the students would answer the types of questions like, â€Å"What are the contribution of the Space Program to our present generation?† or â€Å"Compare and Contrast the knowledge and understanding of humans before the space age and during the space age?† These types of questions, enables the learners to think critically and explain his/her answer and to demonstrate actively in a manner that their understanding will show the deep knowledge they have learned in the classroom. HOTS (higher order thinking skills) are:Analysis, Synthesis, EvaluationWith all these in mind, the Department of Education realized (at last!) that a Paradigm shift is needed in order to change the system from the  traditional ways into the so called 21st century globally standard teacher. Education experts around the country, including my Mentor and Dean of the College of Education, Dr. June P. Salana, worked tirelessly together with numerous experts nationwide in order to identify the salient points or domains needed in line with the vision of transforming the Filipino Teacher into a globally competitive one.Along with the Commission on Higher education (CHED), Teacher Education Institutes (TEIs), Philippine Regulatory Commission (PRC), Department of Education (DepEd) and the Civil Service Commission (CSC) in partnership with the different academic institution, the National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) was born. Hence, the Curriculum change is the product of many years of development, this is not the idea of the DepEd Secre tary or the thousands of teachers around the country.As mentioned by Dr. Isagani Cruz in 2001, this is the People Power Model of Curricular Change, this is the result of the Social Change that happened to the country and the need for education to be the Main Effort in bringing Competitiveness and innovativeness among the people in the 21st century. As Mentioned in the Curriculum Development book by Dr. June P. Salana and Dr. Rolando A. Bernales, the curriculum development of today has shifted fromLearner-Artisan relationship into Employment-Oriented (knowledge based) Curriculum.The latest trend is to Empower the teachers, the front-liners in education, the deliverers of knowledge,and facilitators of learning in the process of developing a curriculum, that would reflect the Competencies, teachers and students alike should possess and reflective of the Social Dimension of education. That learning should not be limited to Fraction or Poem writing but rather adopting it to the real life applications and experiences that the learner may or has experienced.It is very important to note that this is not a Jesli Lapus, Pet project that may or may not go with him after he lives the office, but a result of the societal change, a reflection of what is happening in the society and adopting our curriculum into the 21st century globally competent education. The NCBTS Framework is devided in 7 Domains:1. Social Regard for Learning (SRFL) 2. Learning Environment (LE) 3. Diversity of Learners (DOL) 4. Curriculum (Curr.) 5. Planning, Assessing Reporting (PAR) 6. Community Linkages (CL) 7. Personal Growth & Professional Development (PGPD)According to the Framework â€Å"This will allow teachers to self-assess their own performance against the Competency Standards in order to identify areas of strength as well as areas that need to be developed further in order for them to function more effectively as facilitators of learning.† Domain 1. Social Regard for Learning (SRFL)The SRFL domain focuses on the ideal that teachers serve as positive and powerful role models of the value in the pursuit of different efforts to learn. The teacher’s action, statements, and different types of social interactions with students exemplify this ideal. Domain 2. Learning Environment (LE)This domain focuses on importance of providing a social, psychological and physical environment within which all students, regardless of their individual differences in learning, can engage in the different learning activities and work towards attaining high standards of learning Domain 3. Diversity of Learners (DOL)The DOL domain emphasizes the ideal that teachers can facilitate the learning process even with diverse learners, by recognizing and respecting individual differences and by using knowledge about their differences to design diverse sets of learning activities to ensure that all learners can attain the desired learning goals. Domain 4. Curriculum (Curr.)The curriculum doma in refers to all elements of the teaching-learning process that work in convergence to help students understand the curricular goals and objectives, and to attain high standards of learning defined in the curriculum. These elements include the teacher’s knowledge of subject matter and the learning process, teaching-learning approaches and activities, instructional materials and learning resources. Domain 5. Planning, Assessing & Reporting (PAR)This domain refers to the alignment of assessment and planning activities. In particular, the PAR focuses on the (1) use of assessment data to plan and revise teaching-learning plans; (2) integration of assessment procedures in the plan and implementation of teaching-learning activities, and (3) reporting of the learners’ actual achievement and behavior. Domain 6. Community Linkages (CL)The LC domain refers to the ideal that classroom activities are meaningfully linked to the experiences and aspirations of the learners in their h omes and communities. Thus, this domain focuses on teachers’ efforts directed at strengthening the links between schools and communities to help in the attainment of the curricular goals. Domain 7. Personal Growth & Professional Development (PGPD)The PGPD domain emphasizes the ideal that teachers value having a high personal regard for the teaching profession, concern for professional development, and continuous improvement as teachers.

School Uniforms Persuasive Essay

In public and private schools, students are constantly being judged on what they wear and how they look. These judgments influence students to pick on others and induce bullying. If schools make uniforms mandatory, this cause of bullying would be eliminated, thus reducing the number of bullying incidents. Therefore, school uniforms should be required for all students because they will reduce bullying, relieve stress and make school a safer place. People are judged on what they say, where they go, and what they believe, but the main form of judgment is due to appearance.With one look, we make inferences on the economic status and background of other people. It is no secret that less fortunate people generally do not have as nice clothing as those who are wealthy. But is the difference in one’s clothing a worthy reason for them to be treated differently? The answer is no, yet it still occurs each and every day for students who are without uniforms. Children should not be treated differently just because their parents are unable to buy them trendier clothes.With the implementation of school uniforms, students can focus more on learning and building social connections based on interests and beliefs and not their societal status. School uniforms are the most effective way to eliminate social and economic differences among students. Because society is incredibly materialistic and money is a power issue, the judgments that are made on how someone appears become a main cause of bullying. Mandatory school uniforms would eliminate this problem and allow students to be judged on personality, not just what they wear.Bullying in general is malevolent; it is not only an unnecessary barrier to learning, but has the potential to make students’ lives unbearable. This sort of torment may not be terminated, but it would surely be reduced with mandatory uniforms. With the new HIB (harassment, intimidation and bullying) laws that Governor Chris Christie passed in New Jersey, and the studies that signify the increased number of bullying incidents within the past few years, bullying has become a larger problem than ever.Along with bullying, theft and gang activity can be reduced by wearing uniforms. In many areas, gangs are identified and encouraged through their clothing. Without the knowledge of who is in what gang, violence will be reduced and the school will be safer. If society insists on doing everything it can to prevent the mistreatment of other students, school uniforms should be made mandatory. There are other benefits of wearing uniforms as well.First, students’ lives would be much easier and less stressful. A great amount of time is usually spent on choosing and worrying about outfits. If students were refunded this time, they could have more time for other daily requirements such as homework. Some students, especially girls, stress about what they are going to wear every day and how they are going to look compared to everyone e lse. School uniforms will eliminate this unnecessary cause of stress.Having uniforms would not only eliminate stress put on students, but stress and pressure put on their parents as well. Some parents just cannot afford the in-style clothing items that other parents can provide. Every parent yearns for their children to fit in and be happy. As hard as they try to accommodate this for their young ones, some parents find this task impossible to accomplish. It must kill a parent to see their child mistreated or bullied because of something they could not provide for them.Adversaries to this argument may dispute being able to choose what to wear is the student’s prerogative and is what allows them to express their individuality, but is what students wear what makes them individuals? What happened to individuality being based on personality, positive attributes and passion? It is not clothes that make us unique. Wearing hand-me-downs because that is all that a family can afford fo r their child does not allow them to express themselves; it is not what makes them an individual and it certainly does not reflect who they are inside.What it does do is make that unfortunate child self conscious and ashamed. Many present conflicts within school systems can be easily solved or at least minimized with school uniforms. They can aid the prosperity of our schools and students, so why not take advantage of this simple answer to our problems? Action needs to be taken to make uniforms mandatory. They reduce the insecurities felt by children as well as their parents. Uniforms allow students to shine and excel for who they really are and not for whom they appear to be.

Abstract or Not essays

Abstract or Not essays The painting I have picked is Vincent Van Goghs The Starry Night, which was done on oil canvas, in 1889. I'm not really familiar with Van Gogh's work, but this is one piece of work of his that stands out to me. Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night is an excellent painting in which Van Gogh paints a picture that is colorful and descriptive. This painting can be described as puzzling and fascinating. It can signify a variety of moods, objects, and atmosphere. Artwork can be, and was, found around the whole world. What makes art interesting is that it can be created in any way, shape or form with any materials. It seems that the artwork can also tell us a lot about the artist. In this case, the artwork is abstract art because of the following reasons. For example if you look at the sky in this picture you can see how it is in a swirling motion, in real life you would not see this kind of thing happening. In addition if you look at the stars in the sky they are unusually depicted making them look really big and bright, in real life you would not see stars like these unless your drunk or an asteroid was falling. Real stars are very small, not as bright as the ones in the painting and you could barely see them sometimes. Another way of telling that this painting is abstract art is by how bright of the light of the stars and moons are where they are almost lighting up the whole town. In real life the moon and stars could light up a town but not as bright as the one in the picture. In conclusion this painting has many different feelings, meaning a person could see it totally differently then how I saw this picture. This piece of art had some things that were actually real life though, like the town and the big tree, moon and stars. ...

Loss of Species and its Impact on the Human Spirit

Loss of Species and its Impact on the Human Spirit Bonnett, M. (2004). Retrieving nature: Education for a post-humanist age. Malden, MA:  Blackwell Publishing. Michael Bonnett is one of Britains well known philosophers of education.  In his book Retrieving nature: education for a post-humanist age, he focuses on the issue of an environmental ethos for living and for education purposes.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Loss of Species and Its Impact on the Human Spirit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bonnett questions how education can respond to the present day problems regarding the environment and postulates an innovative thesis regarding establishing a connection between the human spirit and environment. Bridgen, A.F. (2007). A Heuristic Journey of Discovery: Exploring the Positive Influence of the Natural Environment on the Human Spirit (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/168/thesis .pdf?sequence=2 A heuristic Journey of Discovery: Exploring the positive influence of the natural environment on the human spirit by Annette Frances Bridgen is a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in 2007 which explores the positive impact of nature on the human spirit. As part of the background literature supporting his study, Bridgen quotes examples of writers who have experienced physical healing by contact with the environment. Coffin, B. Pfannmuller, L. (1988). Minnesotas endangered flora and fauna  (Minnesota Archive Editions ed.).  Minneapolis, MN:   University of Minnesota Press. This is a report published by the Minnesota. Dept. of Natural Resources, authored by Barbara Coffin and Lee Pfannmuller that provides detailed information regarding the flora and fauna of Minnesota region in the United States. The figures for rare and endangered species are particularly significant. In the foreword, there is useful discussion on the value of natural re sources to mankind and how the loss of species will diminish the value of the planet. The foreword includes a very relevant quotation by Philosopher Holmes Rolston III. Colfer, C.J.P. (2008). Human health and forests: A global overview of issues, practice, and policy. London, UK: Earthscan Publishers. Carol J. Pierce Colfer takes a global overview of issues, practice and policy matters of forests in the context of human health. Many people live and work in the forests and they face the unique challenge of maintaining their good health in the forest environment.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the second chapter dealing with Human Health and Forests, Colfer talks about Cultural services and discusses the psychological and spiritual relationships that exist between human beings and the ecosystems in which they live. He gives several examples from around th e world. According to him, the loss of biodiversity affects the health and livelihood of people living there and also hurts scientists and conservationists. This book adds to the existing knowledge on the environment and can be useful to all types of readers. Fischer, F.    Hajer, M.A. (1999). Living with nature: Environmental politics as cultural discourse. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Fischer and Hajer have compiles some essays that focus on the present day problem of the environmental sustainability. They have approached the issue from different angles and elucidate the social and cultural backgrounds of the problem and suggest how the problems may be solved. The third chapter titled Nature in spiritual traditions: Social and cultural implications for environmental change is particularly relevant to the study of the connection between human spirit and the environment. In this chapter, the author traces the love-hate relationship of humans with the natural environment and the historical evolution of socio-natural relationships. They conclude that transformational changes to save the environment can be made only through the spiritual consciousness of humanity. They also describe several spiritual traditions that are centered on the natural environment. Gottlieb, S.(2004). This sacred Earth: Religion, nature, environment. Milton Park, UK: Routledge Publishers. Roger S. Gottlieb, in this book has discussed in detail religion’s complex relationship to the environment. He particularly focuses on the growth and transformation of religious environmentalism through the ages adopting a cross-cultural investigative perspective. He cites the spiritual practices of ancient religions and also Christian ecotheology. His writing is interspersed with scholarly studies, theological concepts, historical analysis and real life problems. By analyzing the global environmental crisis in the light of spirituality, the book proves to be a very valuable teaching r esource.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Loss of Species and Its Impact on the Human Spirit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hassan, M.R., Scholes, R. Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends: Findings of the condition and trends working group of the millennium ecosystem assessment. ‎Washington, D.C. , Island Press. The book by Hassan et al (2005) reports on the findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. It begins by first detailing how humans have affected ecosystems negatively due to their growing demands for natural resources. They point to the fact that though mankind has benefitted from these natural resources, they have also caused some damage to the environment. The authors warn that environmental degradation can get worse in the coming decades and lead to disasters of many types. There is particular focus on the coastal systems. Hassan et al holds that the coastal systems have a great deal of spiritual significance to many people around the world. The book includes good examples of different cultures where the oceans are considered to be of high value to the people. Krech, S. (2004). Encyclopedia of world environmental history: A-E volume 1 of encyclopedia of world environmental history. Milton Park, UK:   Routledge Publishers. Shephard Krech in his book Encyclopedia of World Environmental History Volume I have entries for terms beginning with alphabets A to E. Of particular interest to the subject of environment is his entry on emergence of environmentalism. He talks about the first wave of environmentalism. Kreche points to the fact that there were two key figures of the conservation movement- Gifford Pinchot and John Muir. Both sought to protect the environment for different reasons. Lauzen, L. Hales, D.R. (2009). An invitation to health. San Francisco, CA: Cengage Learning. D ianne R. hales and Lara Lauzen in their book titled An Invitation to Health have explored various facets of health such as stress management, psychological health, fitness, nutrition, communication and sexuality, reproductive choices, abuse of drugs, etc. However, the book also includes a chapter on The Spirit of Health and Wellness which is very relevant to the present paper. Lauzen and Hales hold that being spiritually well is a personal process that can be found through connecting with nature.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wilson, O.E. (1992). The diversity of life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Edward O. Wilson, a famous Harvard entomologist in his book The diversity of Life divulges many facts regarding the diversity of life on earth and how it is being currently endangered by mankind. He pleads eloquently to save the rich biodiversity of the planet. The book is written in simple language and will be of interest to readers of all ages.

Causal Analysis of the Arab Spring

Tunisian female municipal officer and her asides who confiscated the fruit and vegetables he was selling from a street stall and slapped his face in the process, set himself on fire and passed away a few days later. As an aftermath of this incident, a huge wave of protests over unemployment and social issues sparked out in Tunisia, forcing then-president  Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to step down from his position after 23 years in power. Following this event, activists and ordinary people started to head out onto streets in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other Arab sub-regions and societies, demanding democracy, social justices, dignity, and freedom. Ultimately, an unprecedented  revolutionary wave  of nonviolent and violent  demonstrations,  protests, riots, and  civil wars known as Arab Spring, or many may call it Arab Awakening,  has spread across the entire  Arab World, overthrowing handfuls of tyrants and authoritarian regimes that, for decades, had been taking control over the area. Behind the actual uprisings were many and long gathering root causes. For decades, Arab people had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption, and stifling of political dissent. Social justice and human dignity were also not respected in most countries. Furthermore, this area of 300 million people was producing an unprecedented youth population, with around two-thirds of the total population below 29 years of age. At the same time, this young generation was annoyed by 25 percent unemployment, frustrated by diminished dreams, motivated greater personal freedoms, and equipped with technological tools of social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. In addition to that, international influences from Europe and the United States, actors who have long been desiring for the abundant energy supplies, trade and investment regional security in the region, also induced the event in the name of â€Å"promoting democracy. † Looking back to the causes of the Arab Spring, although Mohamed Bouazizi’s self-immolation set fire to the revolution, the actual driving forces behind the revolt were primarily the development of social media and the internal social issues that have been smolderingly existing in the region for decades. First of all, it is important to mention that even before the happening of Bouazizi’s self-emulation, the Arab World has long been striving for political changes because of the mass unemployment and low living standards of educated class. Unlike most regions, unemployment rates in the SWANNA region are highest amongst the more educated youth. According to Imed Drine in his article â€Å"Youth Unemployment in the Arab World: What Do We know? What is the Way Forward? , published by the World Institude for Development Economics Research, youth unemployment rate in the region was about 25 percent, among the highest in the world. The situation is even worse for young women with an unemployment rate of about 40 percent. Compared to other global regions, the region has shown the highest rate of labour force increase over the last three decades; the unemployment rate for young age groups is 40 percent in some countries. In many Arab countries such as Tunisia and Egypt, it was very usual that university graduates were forced to drive taxis or sell grocery in open stalls to survive, and families with children struggled to provide food and education for their kids. On top of that, there were also drastic gaps between the income of the majority of the population and that of the top elite in most Arabic countries. â€Å"Egypt has had a massive income gap throughout Mubarak’s control, which is clearly the root cause of the original uprising. One half of Egyptians live on $2/day or less. The average per-capita income in the country is just $6,200 and 24% of young people in the Arab region cannot find jobs (source). In addition, in some Arab sub-regions, large budget deficits were pervasive mainly due to the unnecessary price subsidies on consumer products such as fuel that did not really help the poor but rather favored the affluent population. Other economic issues including poverty, rising food prices, and inflation have also been serious internal issues that eventually led to Arab revolution. According to two Russians researchers, A. Korotayev and J. Zinkina, in their analysis on Egyptian revolution, Egypt was also one of the most fast growing countries in the world in terms of food prices. This fact had undoubtedly played a role in undermining the Egyptian sociopolitical system. While half of the population survived only on $2 per a day or even less and had to face a huge price inflation, the upper class was flooded with abundant resources. Such gaps in income and social classes are obviously undesirable, if not dangerous, for the stability of a society as they create tensions and tear down the sense of unity in the population. They certainly set the stage for the uprising to occur, causing a small incident of Bouazizi to become a devastating social event like Arab Spring. Another internal problem that has made a great contribution to people’s discontent and rebellion was the corruption of Arab leaders and their aging dictatorship. The corruption was extremely widespread in Arab world, and economic hardships were unequally distributed. The political system only worked with and responded to the elites and large businesses in an attempt to accumulate enormous sums of money. Only a small minority of the country actually benefited from this corrupted regime, the rest suffered and was neglected. Nothing could have been done or approved without bribery to the Arab leaders and their relatives. In most cases, whether an investment deal would be closed or not depended on the bribing and one’s connections. Besides the corruption issue, the political system was destabilized due to incompetent and outmoded leaders. â€Å"By the end of the 20th century, most Arab dictatorships were utterly bankrupt both ideologically and morally. When the Arab Spring happened in 2011, Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak had been in power since 1980, Tunisia’s Ben Ali since 1987, while Muammar al-Qaddafi ruled over Libya for 42 years† (source). During the time of rising literacy and shrinking birthrate, instead of replacing the problematic leadership positions with younger, more educated, and innovative leaders, old and stagnant government was preserved, which eventually lead to the overall social and economic decline of the region. There is always the fear of being oppressed by the security services and the lack of political opportunities among the citizens. Although people remained passive and submitted to the repression of their rulers until the Arab revolution in 2011, needless to say, most of them highly doubted the legitimacy of the aging political systems and their leaders. Their discontent and feelings of injustice with the government was the platform of the revolt and later became the potential source of further social disruption and conflict. In addition to being a counter act to the aging dictatorship, Arab Spring was simultaneously a response to human rights violation. The political freedom of expression of people was limited and there was a shift in power o the police endorsed by the law. This law â€Å" . . . allow[ed] the state to detain individuals and censor and close newspapers more easily and allow[ed] authorities to try civilians in front of military and security courts under certain circumstances† (Sehata:2004). A regular citizen was oppressed, did not have a freedom of speech and was treated poorly by the secu rity services. Even an educated person, as is evident in the case of the graduate student Mohamed Bouazizi, had to endure the same ill-treatment and injustice. Furthermore, the uprising was also a reaction to sexual abuse and domestic violence of women and children. It attempted to bring equality, political, and social rights for disadvantaged groups, especially for women who were often considered the second-class citizens. Women were a driving force in the protests. â€Å"At the time of the revolution, we really observed that women of all social classes, including the lower class, were mobilized. Women stood in defiance of political regimes, and challenged their traditional exclusion from the public sphere† (Bertrand, The Voice of Russia). Women played a crucial role in this revolution since they were active participants who fought for their dignity, economic, political, social, and their children’s rights. Besides all the internal issues discussed above, it is important to mention that there were also other factors that have contributed to the spread of this phenomena such as the use social networks. A big part of this uprising is intrinsically associated with recent social media and changes in the global social climate. It is very important to take into consideration the fact that social events are more than just susceptible to the conditions of their external environments. The Arab Spring, thus, is not an exception. We are living in an information-age where people interact and exchange ideas at a much higher rate and wider range than ever. With the inventions of telecommunicational devices, the Internet, global social networks, etc. , it has become just a matter of a blink of an eye for a message to get to its targets. These technological advancements have also changed the way people commune and spend their time. People are becoming more and more inclined to communicate virtually rather than face-to-face. The number of internet users in both Tunisia and Egypt nearly doubled between 2008 and 2009. According the the CIA World Factbook, Egypt ranks 21st in the world in terms of the number of internet users; Tunisia, by contrast, ranks 60th. Though internet access may not be as strong as, say, in the United States, in these countries it is comparatively cheaper and it is safe to say that a great many people in these countries have internet access of some kind. Also, according to the latest research conducted by the Internet World Statistics, around 90 milion Arab people use the Internet on a day-to-day basis to either look up new information or stay connected with their friends. This number makes up to 40% of the total population. The same research also shows that out of these internet users, 20% are registered on Facebook. Taking other activities and social networks into consideration, the number would be many times that. As a consequence, these social and behavioral changes have brought about an environment extremely sensitive to word-of-mouth epidemics, and the Arab Spring is one of the benefactors. In countries like Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, rising action plans such as protests made up of thousands, have been organized through social media such Facebook and Twitter. â€Å"We use Facebook to schedule the protests,  Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world,† said one Arab activist. Activists were able to build extensive social networks and organized political action, thus, social media became a critical part of the toolkit for greater freedom. Furthermore, social networks have also broken the psychological barrier of fear by helping many people to connect and share information about the social uprising. It has given most people in the Arab world the knowledge that they are not alone, that there are others experiencing just as much brutality, just as much hardships, just as much lack of justice. There are numerous number of videos on YouTube where activists speak out their ideas and call for people reactions. According to Catherine O’Donnell a writer for the University of Washington in her article â€Å"New Study Quantifies Use of Social Media in Arab Spring†, â€Å"During the week before Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak’s resignation, for example, the total rate of tweets from Egypt — and around the world — about political change in that country ballooned from 2,300 a day to 230,000 a day. Videos featuring protest and political commentary went viral – the top 23 videos received nearly 5. 5 million views. The amount of content produced online by opposition groups, in Facebook and political blogs, increased dramatically. This enormous number not only indicates how popular the Arab Spring is but also implies how important social media are for the Arab Spring. Hussein Amin, professor of mass communications at the  American  University  in  Cairo  said that social networks for the first time provided activists with an opportunity to quickly disseminate information while bypassing government restrictions. † Nowadays, just as much easier for activists to reach their targeted audiences, so too it is for the audiences to learn about new ideas and social events, all thanks to the advents of technologies and the extra amount of time people spend on social networks. Despite all of the factors above, Arab Spring could have never happened if it was not for Bouazizi’s self-emulation. As mentioned above, there was always the fear of being oppressed by the security services. Before the happening of the incident, although the government did not respect people’s dignity, they remained passive and submitted to the repression of their rulers. Therefore, the bad social conditions in the Arab World and those influences from social media have only been the platform for Arab Spring to spark, and the precipitating cause that triggered the uprising is Bouazizi. His act symbolized the frustration and desperation of millions in the Arab world and sett into motion a series of revolutions across the Middle East and North Africa. His death has urged people across the region raise their voice, fight for their own rights, and come fearless of the goverment. His was a cry for dignity, justice, and opportunity, which continues to be heard around a region undergoing tumultuous change. His death has not taken people’s anger to a next level but also gathered people who face the same issues with the government together. Thanks to him, in todays Middle East, people have come to realized that they do matter. Thanks to him, people in the Middle East has learned to voice their concerns and fight for their rights. Many people are now engaged in what could be a life-long struggle to fight long-standing grievances and take greater control of their lives, all thanks to Bouazizi. His death is like that one extra salt crystal that makes a solid form out of a saturated solution; for decades people had been remaining passive and submit to their tyrants and the next second those aging dictators had to crumble just because of one incident. Nothing would have happened if Bouazizi had not reacted against oppression and a lack of espect. The revolutions of Tunisia and Egypt provides a keen example of how new media can be used to afford people political agency. The movement’s participants innovated with the technology to compose coordinated efforts, compose an identities (using the technologies affordances rather than its prescribed templates), compose quickly and deliberately, and compose messag es to change the materiality of where they live. Furthermore, this uprising also reminds people around the world that people do react to social injustice and ill-treatments from the government. It is also of utmost importance not only for the Arab people but also people from all over the world to honor the sacrifice of Bouazizi as he has initiated the revolution that has awakened people’s power and changed the way governments look at their people. Although we cannot tell whether Arab Spring will have fix those social issues in the Arab world and have a positive impact on the society or not, it is a firm confirmation that with today’s social media, people do and will respond to any kind of social justice.

IT Project Management module's Assignment Essay

IT Project Management module's Assignment - Essay Example This document is intended to be a living document. As implements the components of this assessment, and to facilitate the every changing state-of-the-art, the (ISN) CRA process may need to be refined. Consequently, the final version of this document should itself be placed under change management and the respective changes managed accordingly. CoPaX decides to expand its economic territories by buying a French Company, which does a similar job to CoPaX but in France. To support a homogeneous network the department of IT has decided to roll out 10pcs on trail to their head office in Paris (5pcs) and hub, on the outskirts of Paris (3pcs) and a Delivery Office in Lille (2pcs). Considering the change of Project Indentification Document. The IT Project Manager identifies the need for the Change Request Assessment to the (ISN) During emergencies, the ISN must rapidly reconfigured to support the establishment of Fields Offices. Currently, informal operational process followed by each entity invloved with the ISN is the primary means of controlling ISN changes. These processes are frequently undocumented; consequently, the IT Project Manger cannot determine the status of current CoPaX architecture, network component configuration and proposed changes. This assessment addresses this deficiency. It establishes a consistent, cross-organizational I process for the SN architecture and its components. It provides both SN managers and technical personnel the information they need to implement the ISN CRA activities and their flow. The scope of this document is the identification of a top-level Change Request Assessment for the ISN. This Assessment presents Change Request activities for the data portion of’ LAN/WAN (e.g., switches, routers, and hubs). Specifically excluded from this Assessment are network server hardware and operating systems. The ISN provides LAN/WAN connectivity for the entire organization. It links Cisco

Documentary Reflection assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Documentary Reflection - Assignment Example Such information is a prerequisite for them to make informed decisions about fracturing. Most products have the capability of causing defects to the endocrine system thus affecting development and reproduction in human and wildlife. Others are known to affect the skin, eyes, sensory organs, respiratory system, and liver. In addition, they have adverse effect on the general environment, soil, water, and air. As such, it is important to have fracturing contractors reveal full information about their products to the public. Natural gas manufacturer too, are obliged to reveal the chemical contents and effects of their products. However, a major drawback associated with this is that, most of them rely on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDA) for product information. Seemingly, it has been discovered that many MSDSs provide unreliable fragmented information. This therefore hinders the public access to full information about products and related chemicals. As a fact, the Chevron company should have full disclosure of its product and chemicals associated with fracturing and natural gas manufacturing may not only enable people to know about their adverse effects on health alone but may also enable them to be conversant with the air and water quality they consume. This is very significant in developing air and water quality monitoring protocols. Those living near natural gas development industries stand to benefit the most from such information. Besides all these, such information could be very important for the public to make decisions about the regulation of the fracturing and drilling activities. Thus, based on deep analysis of the movie, it can be concluded that the general public deserves to be informed about the effects of gas products from industries, fracturing and drilling industries in order to enlighten and make them take necessary

Strategic management (General Motors) Case Study

Strategic management (General Motors) - Case Study Example The company recorded revenues of $185.5 billion up by about 4.6% from $177.3 billion in 2002. Although GM's global market share declined to 14.7 percent from 15.0 percent, three out of its four automotive regions posted gains. Leading market position: GM has consistently maintained its leading position as the world's largest vehicle manufacturer. In US it is the league of the big three with Ford and DaimlerChrysler. GM also has a strong market position in the UK, Germany, Brazil, Australia and China. Strong market position enhances the brand image of the company and provides economies of scale throughout the supply chain. Robust revenue growth in Asia Pacific: The Asia-Pacific region has proved to be very encouraging and having immense potential for the company. Despite the challenges in the Asia-Pacific region, GM recorded strong revenue growth in this region with continued strong performance by Shanghai GM in China and Holden in Australia. For 2003, GM Asia Pacific (GMAP) earned $577 million, more than three times the net income of $188 million in 2002. Company is also aggressively expanding its operations in India, another big market in the region. Such a strength in this region helps the company to offset its losses in some other regions. Strong brand portfolio: GM has a strong brand portfolio.

Quantitative and academic skills(economy) Essay - 1

Quantitative and academic skills(economy) - Essay Example It also means taking charge of what I do with the resources I could legitimately and ethically use to get things done and accepting mistakes when I commit them. If I achieve this, I can be more confident, learn to respect and manage myself in my studies, and develop self-esteem, because knowing who I am is important if I want to express myself and understand others better. Performance means knowing my profession well so I can succeed, and includes having a broad and open mind, ready to learn from personal experience and learning from others who know more like professors and tutors. One ethical rule is the policy on plagiarism which means â€Å"stealing†¦other people’s work and ideas and passing them off as (my) own† (Handbook, 2007, p. 6). I can use or paraphrase other people’s ideas, but I should acknowledge it following established academic rules of honesty and integrity. My main problem is to know which information I need and learning to choose the right information. There is too much information, in libraries, the Internet, and in the media, so I need to learn how to assess the reliability of my sources such as journals, databases, articles, and surveys. I need to spend more time reading good materials and data sources in English, understanding how the experts in the field analyse information and present it, and being involved in discussions in and out of the classroom. In my culture, we were trained to obey and believe those in authority, and to ask few questions in public. Here, I notice that people say what is in their minds, and I want to learn how to do this. Professors and tutors are open to questions and criticisms. My studies are my top priority right now, but if I do not continue building up my personal discipline because of poor self-management or I allow myself to be influenced by others, my path to success is in danger. I hope my professors and tutors correct me when they see I am not going along the right path. Developing all

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Weekly Journal - Essay Example My moral voice acts as my inner voice that judges my behavior and motivation that is based on ideas that are either right or even wrong. There is time I encountered a moral disagreement regarding the issue of diversity in the country. Considering the diversity in ethnicities currently seen in America, I once encountered an individual from another ethnicity in a mall. Considering that this individual was from a dominant ethnicity, he started looking down on me considering that I am from a totally different ethnic from his. Initially, I felt like punching him so hard that he could never make such irritating comments to any individuals ever again. However, my moral voice made me hesitate. This inner voice made me realize that I could get myself into so much trouble by not restraining myself and containing my anger. Thus, this conflict was a good one because I was able to restrain myself and avoided getting into trouble with the law. Instead, I engaged the individual into a mature communication and made him understand that every individual is equal before God. I made him realize that the labels that human beings give are the only ones that worsen the racial situation in the country (Gilligan, 2009). At the end of it all, we shook hands and he even offered to pay for the items that I had picked in the

The future of medical care in the united states Essay

The future of medical care in the united states - Essay Example In this paper, the history of the healthcare law will be recalled, the changes brought to its benefactors, and the worthy Americans to receive such assistance. Also, a comparison will be made between ACA and the health reform offered by the Congressional Republicans and how suitable the democratic-socialist approach to the current health care act. An efficient health care system has long been a need of the people, as they become more aware of diseases which can harm their livelihood and health. The face of the medical care in the 1920’s is far too different from what most communities have today. Doctor’s knowledge about certain diseases was limited and therefore, charging their clients with a low cost (â€Å"How did the Health†). Most patients were treated at home with liniments and other traditional medicine. Blumberg & Davidson argue that the medical care in that era was â€Å"basically medieval,† until technology has changed the course of health care practice. Through technology, the doctors were able to acquire much information about illnesses and medications were made available for its treatment. This is good news for health clients and at the same time an additional burden in their budget management; higher efficiency means higher cost. The beginning of the twentieth century marked the blossoming of health care industry. The continuous expansion of medical, nursing and other health practitioner’s schools and the number of hospital beds served as the proof of this growth. However, the Great Depression of the 1930’s stopped this medical improvement. As a solution, Baylor Hospital in Dallas formulated a system where financial aid was available, which eventually became the Blue Cross, where the goal was to assist people in paying their hospital bills. This went hand in hand with the Blue Shield, where the interest and payment for the Doctors were safeguarded. Having known to the insurers that majority of the people back then

Weekly Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weekly Journal - Essay Example My moral voice acts as my inner voice that judges my behavior and motivation that is based on ideas that are either right or even wrong. There is time I encountered a moral disagreement regarding the issue of diversity in the country. Considering the diversity in ethnicities currently seen in America, I once encountered an individual from another ethnicity in a mall. Considering that this individual was from a dominant ethnicity, he started looking down on me considering that I am from a totally different ethnic from his. Initially, I felt like punching him so hard that he could never make such irritating comments to any individuals ever again. However, my moral voice made me hesitate. This inner voice made me realize that I could get myself into so much trouble by not restraining myself and containing my anger. Thus, this conflict was a good one because I was able to restrain myself and avoided getting into trouble with the law. Instead, I engaged the individual into a mature communication and made him understand that every individual is equal before God. I made him realize that the labels that human beings give are the only ones that worsen the racial situation in the country (Gilligan, 2009). At the end of it all, we shook hands and he even offered to pay for the items that I had picked in the

Imaginative landscape Essay Example for Free

Imaginative landscape Essay Melbourne is the united nations of Australia, the ethnic mosaic that acts as a terminal between multiple worlds. Sprouting from the heart of the city, Russel Street boasts Greek taverns adjacent to Italian pizzerias sandwiched between sushi bars. Turning left from Russel Street we reach a new gate at the terminal, little burke street- as if a slice of China had been uprooted and planted right in the middle of Melbourne city. We have cultural music festivals where the drums of Africa and the didgeridoos of the indigenous filter into the streets, a musical harmony that proudly demonstrates our ethnic diversity Visiting Federation Square during the Indian food and wine gala, the orange, green and white flag was raised high while the smell of coriander and cardamom filled the air. Emerging from the shadows of the streets a wrinkled and deprived elderly man wearing a bindii on his forehead approached a young teenage girl sipping on a big bowl of yellow curry. Pleading for any spare change, the teenage girl simply turns around and mutters under her breath, â€Å"dirty taxi drivers†. The incongruity of that picture will always be etched into my mind. This teenage girl holds insight into the daunting truth of our generation. Our recreational interest in cultures acts only as a mask to hide behind when accused of racial injustice. This food and wine mentality has evolved the infamous â€Å"I’m not racist I have a black best friend† to the now more common â€Å"I’m not racist I love Japanese hand rolls†. We are beginning to consume cultures just as we consume products. With a selfish and egotistical agenda, we dive into multiculturalism on a superficial level. If we are ever going to tackle this racial divide, we must dig deeper than music festivals and miso soups and generate a genuine respect for their people’s interests. This year we have had a quite a confronting and raw insight into Australia’s racial intolerance verifying you don’t have to dig deep to uncover the underbelly of racism in this country. In March, a young 13-year-old girl was scrutinized and castigated for calling aboriginal player Adam Goodes an â€Å"ape† at not just any game, but the dreamtime aboriginal reconciliation game- the irony is tragicomical. No matter how much try to make this girl culpable for her actions; she is sadly just a by-product of generations of hidden racism in this country†¦and it’s time we point the finger of blame to  the mirror. We hear it all the time- On the streets, with our friends and it occasionally slips out while we are with our families. The â€Å"joke† as we try and cover it up , the â€Å"joke† that was harmless fun and was not meaning to offend. However, in Cronulla 2005, these jokes quickly became the vehicle for 26 injuries and 42 arrests in what would be known as one of Australia’s worst racial driven riots. Over 5000 locals joined together to protest against recent attacks by Lebanese gangs. These protests soon become a purge for locals to unleash their inner racism. SMSs such as Just a reminder that Cronullas 1st wog bashing day is still on this Sunday† circulated around the town, believing to have instigated the crowds. Our cultural music festivals and ethnic celebrations will sadly no longer conceal this ugly blemish with which Australia seems to have broken out. Last November respected Aboriginal leader and former Labour candidate Tauto Sansbury resigned from the ALP because he lost faith in the party, which he says is dismissive of indigenous affairs and has in it a big element of racism. Continually side tracking aboriginal projects Sansbury contests that the â€Å"ALP only provide lip service to the Aboriginal community†. We can no longer audaciously showcase our cultural events without simultaneously supporting them behind closed doors. However with every new problem, no matter how difficult, comes a solution. Maybe Rachel Perkins had it right with her musical drama that depicts aboriginal tracker, Albert attempting to help a reluctant white family in finding their daughter, Emily. Perkins uses Emily as the symbol for purity, running through the flowers and innocently waving at Albert’s family. However, with a family like the Ryan’s there is no doubt Emily would have grown up to be just like the 13 year old girl at the dreamtime match. Perkins emphasizes the love and youthfulness of children, proving to our generation that they are our only hope if we are to nourish a truly tolerant country. We can no longer rely on our festivals and worldly terminals to carry us through racial equality. We must actively have tolerance and a general interest in the needs of our Australian community. We have thirteen year old’s calling Adam Goodes an ape, and national celebrities making racist jokes on air. And no matter how many times McGuire pleads it was a â€Å"slip of  the tongue† I’m afraid to say that this ‘slip’ has become an endemic in Australian society.

Needle Stick Injuries Among The Nursing Student Population Nursing Essay

Needle Stick Injuries Among The Nursing Student Population Nursing Essay The purpose of this literature review research proposal is to estimate the efficacy of AOP, and close supervision which is provided by nursing schools and hospitals on the Needle Sticks Injuries [NSIs] prevention among the nursing student population. Research has shown that the educational programme for prevention of NSIs is crucial for the healthcare workers but it is rarely conducted and evaluated among vocational school nursing students. Bearing in mind the previous points, the review will be complemented by using methodology of a wide-ranging review of the related literature. That is to say, the effective appliance of the educational programme and close supervision might lead to prevent the NSIs among the nursing student population. Objectives: To review critically and analyse literature on the effect of close supervision and academic orientation programme that are provided by schools and hospitals on the needle stick injuries among the nursing student population. To evaluate the needlestick injuries among nursing students. Factors related to exposure, departments in which they work and high risk procedures causing most of these injuries. To develop recommendations for practice based on the findings of this proposal review. Framework for Proposal: Punchs (2006) framework for developing research proposal was used as a structure for this proposal. Besides, punch stated that the proposal is a central and essential component to performing any research. Introduction: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in strategies which might reduce the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens, including hepatitis B vaccination, clinical training, educational programmes, universal precautions and, most recently, needle-protective devices as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2011). According to World Health Organisation [WHO] (2006), needle sticks injuries play a crucial role of blood born serious pathogens transmission among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). One single accident could is sufficient to produce a serious infection as stated by the CDC (2003). Furthermore, the main hazards of sharp injuries are viruses such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Yao et al., 2012). Remembered that, the first case of HIV transmission from patient to an HCW was reported in 1986 (Stricof Morse, 1986, cited in Petrucci et al., 2009). According to RCN (2012) sharps injuries are preventable and learning following incidents should be put in place to avoid repeating accidents. Further analysis showed that, the majority of these, such as exposures sustained whilst handling needles or clearing clinical waste are preventable with adherence to procedures for the safe handling of sharps and the disposal of clinical waste (HPA, 2008). Yao et al (2010) reported that there are insufficient clinical experience and occupational safety training provided by nursing schools and hospitals, hence nursing students are at high-risk of needle stick injuries. However there are other studies shows that a combination of education, introducing a universal precautions to different hospital departments, especially emphasizing on the importance of needle recapping prohibition, and the use of sharp containers disposal containers have reduced NSIs by 80 % (Wilburn et al., 2004). Another important finding report that the common clinical areas in which NSIs and sharps injuries occur include surgical departments and medical settings (Yao et al., 2010). Research has shown that, the majority of NSIs (40%) occurs in the medical wards, intensive care units and operating rooms (Petrucci et al., 2009). In addition, the needlestick injuries were most commonly reported as occurring on wards and in patients rooms (Talas et al., 2009). It is clear from the above that, when injuries stratified by departments, the highest rate of needle stick injuries was seen in the surgery department. It might be said that the occurrence of needle stick injuries is significantly related to clinical practice behaviours. Limited work experience with handling NSIs and insufficient awareness of occupational safety measures are reported in Chinese nursing students (Yao et al., 2010). That is to say, the probability of accidental exposure is reduced significantly with the increase of clinical skills during the clinical training period and the effective presence of tutors in clinical training education as stated by Petrucci (2009). Aslam et al (2010) stated that recapping the needle after use has been considered as the most frequent factors responsible for NSIs among health care workers. It must also be noted that, 42.5% of NSIs occurred when nursing students was working alone (Petrucci et al., 2009). A possible explanation for this is suggested by Talas et al (2009), that inadequate supervision in clinical practice areas causing NSIs. It has been found that the NSIs as high as 100,000 per year between 1997 and 2007 (Godfrey, 2001 cited in RCN, 2012). However, there were just fewer than 4,000 significant occupational exposure incidents reported to the Health Protection Agency (HPA, 2008). Nurses account for the highest percentage of percutaneous injuries (CDC, 2004, cited in Petrucci et al., 2009). According to NHS (2011) at least four UK healthcare workers are known to have died following occupationally-acquired HIV infection. This project will investigate the available literature with the aim of summarising, and evaluating current knowledge according to Machi and Mcevoy (2012). Incidentally, to explore the question with reference to different sample groups who are geographically spread. In general what this means, the study will have an international focus to help meet the diversity consideration. Current/Preliminary literature review: To recognise how this study fits with the existing body of knowledge on the subject, a literature search was carried out using a number of databases including PubMed were searched. In addition, CDC website was hand searched as it is a key website related to the evaluation topic. Although most of NSIs research focused on HCWs students, nursing students in hospital clinical practice are also at high risk of exposure. Also, most of investigation that examined NSIs in students populations generally studied medical and dental students rather that nursing students (Aslam et al., 2010; Zafar et al., 2009; Valls et al., 2007 and Sharma et al., 2010). As a result, the information related to nursing students NSIs is relatively lacking worldwide. However, plentiful studies have been carried out in recent years all aimed at understanding the factors which are related the needlestick injuries among nursing students in order to produce an effective preventable measure which should be implemented early in nursing students education (Talas et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2007; Yao et al., 2010; Hambridge et al., 2011; Yao et al., 2012 and Petrucci et al., 2009). Consequently, the most crucial point made so far is how are the Academic Orientation Programme (AOP), and close supervision of needle stick injury prevention among the nursing student population? Methodology: According to Aveyard (2010) a literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of current literature in relation to an exact topic. It involves the identification of a research question and aims to answer said question via searching and analysing relevant literature in a systematic approach. Aveyard (2010) also argues that a literature has even more validity if reviewed in relation to other literature available on the same topic. The researcher deems the use of a literature review for the purpose of this study appropriately as the study aims to examine various current literatures, interpret and summarize them, infer new ideas and present gotten ideas in a methodical and well-established manner. In order to address the research question how effective are the Academic Orientation Programme (AOP), and close supervision of needle stick injuries prevention among the nursing student population?. This study review will be from both qualitative and quantitative traditions. The reason for selecting a qualitative approach was that it was felt that more detailed explanation by nursing students would provide more depth to the investigation. This investigation was based on secondary research due to the fact that a rich body of data already existed and further analysis could offer insight. On the other hand, using of quantitative tradition could highlight some statistical analysis. A number of research studies have been undertaken to discuss the needlestick injuries among the nursing student population. Yao et al., (2012) reported that the appliance of safety training and educational programmes consider a need for nursing students before they start clinical practice. Research has shown that, the adequate presence of tutors in the clinical training education and simulation laboratories for nursing practice that could enable nursing students to gain a remarkable experience by doing procedures and then observing their impact without compromising the health and safety of human patients (Petrucci et al., 2009). However, few studies have included nursing students; some studies survey the attitude of nursing students towards needle sticks and sharp injuries in different workplace. Data into the reasons why nursing students are vulnerable to needle stick injuries was collected from three main sources. Sources were found via an electronic database and were articles whic h focused on different primary studies undertaken in 2010, 2009 and 2008. The first stage of the investigation involved analysing the three sources and comparing them to see if there were clear themes common to all three. Methods: According to Punch (2006) the method section is the specific data collection and analysis procedure that defines how the data will be collected and processed to answer the research question. This refers to that the proposal should demonstrate an internal validity. Here, this means that the chosen methods should match the written question (Punch, 2006). Furthermore, a review must be carried out, systematically, thoroughly and comprehensively to enable the production of valid results which in turn relates to conclusions (Aveyard, 2010). Method section is significant to evade collection of data unrelated to the study as stated by Hart (1998). To ensure this, a systemic search strategy would be developed involving the use of electronic searches, hand searches and reference list searches as suggested by Aveyard (2010). Sample and data collection method: According to Aveyard (2010) using of inclusion and exclusion criteria will frame and narrowing of literature and certain significance of data to the study. In addition the using of inclusion and exclusion criteria enable the researcher to demonstrate the scope of detail of the review that would not demonstrated in the review question itself (Aveyard, 2010). Unpublished Example of inclusion criteria: Primary research relating to needlestick injuries among the nursing student population. Literature focused on the needlestick injuries among nursing students during their clinical practice in hospitals. English language literature only. Published literature only. 2007 onwards. Example of exclusion criteria: Literature discussed the needlestick injuries among health care workers or medical, dentist students only rather than nursing students. None ethically approved and conducted studies, to ensure validity of the study. The PICO framework, as set out below, was used to define the search strategy: Population Nursing students from different area of practice. Intervention Academic Orientation Programmes and close supervision which provided by nursing schools and hospitals. Comparison Nursing students have been received or have not been received effective academic orientation programme and close supervision, and their perception toward needle sticks injuries preventive methods. Outcome Prevention or avoiding the NSIs by insuring that nursing students have received the necessary preventive measures without fail. For effective data collection method, the identification of key terms and using a Boolean logical operators such as (OR, NOT and AND), Wildcards (?) And Truncations (*) are essential for obtaining the maximum number of relevant data on the research topic (MACHI and McEVOY 2012). The restriction was put on the year of publication, studies have been done after 2007 and only English language articles were included. Appendix 1 and 2 in the appendices gives an illustration of search terms using BOOLEEN operators, wildcards and truncations to connect the keywords. Access to data/sample: According to Aveyard (2010) the using of academic search engines could be more specific than a general search engine electronic searching, they allow the researcher to do advance searching using different combination of words and have direct access to academic journals and e-books. In addition, To effectively carry out this study, data collection will be from different sources. Data will be accessed mainly via the Oxford Brookes University available databases. These databases are; PUBMED: An extensive medical, biomedical and nursing database. CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health literature) MEDLINE (Connecting through Ebsco, Web of knowledge or PubMed) In addition, academic literature references throughout Google Scholar, E-journals and books from the university library as well as the John Radcliffe hospital library would be searched for the purpose of this study. This is to ensure a level of credibility in the data being used for the study. Data analysis method: This stage involves the critical appraisal and analysis of the data has been collected. One set of tools has been produced by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2011). Also, CASP has published critical appraisal tools for review articles, quantitative studies, RCTs, cohort and case control studies (Aveyard, 2010). The benefit of using a critical appraisal tool rather than using an unstructured approach in relation to the research question deems the use of a CASP tool appropriate. This is due to the fact that all of the appraisal tools listed, the CASP tool is the most diverse. According to the University of South Australia division of Health Sciences (2011) it could be used in critically analysing different kinds of studies (RCT, Case Control Study, Systemic Review, and Qualitative Study). Furthermore, it provides a checklist for the researcher in relation to the type of study being conducted which enables checking for biases and confounding variables so that it has no ef fect on the analysed result (,). The CASP tool for systematic reviews would thus be utilised in the critical analysis of data for the study. According to Aveyard (2010) to determine the relevance of each selected paper, researcher could use 3 fundamental questions: Is this literature relevant to my review? Have I identified literature at the top of my hierarchy of evidence? Is this literature of high enough quality to include in my review? Whilst this helps the novice researcher the data will require testing with a validated critical appraisal tool. This will be the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme tools (CASP) a recognised framework for critical assessment, developed by the Public Health Research Unit at Oxford University. This department is now under the direction of Solutions for Public Health (SPH, 2011). To advance credibility to my research I will explore the concept of triangulation (Holtzhausen, 2001) in my analysis. Furthermore, by following triangulation as a multi-method research approach, the literature review sits well with the triangulation concept of using more than one method or source of data to study social phenomena. This idea supports the process of cross checking findings that is derived from both qualitative and quantitative research and exploring any comparisons that appear adding rigour to the findings. According to Aveyard (2010) looking for similarities and disparity is important in the synthesis of the research. Also, comparing and contrasting outcomes that encompass negative and positive results will be discussed to illustrate the depth and variety of data reviewed. Ethical issues: Given that the proposed methodology for this research is a literature review, ethical approval is not a prerequisite as stated by Aveyard (2010). According to Houghton et al (2010) the ethical issues are present in any kind of research; have to be considered when undertaking qualitative research. This is due to the fact that literature reviews are grounded solely on critically analysing and estimating primary research carried out by other researchers, hence there is no direct contact between the researcher and participants. In addition there are no primary data to be collected. Though, it is significant to recognise the mechanisms for granting such approvals as the outcome may lead to further research. As a reviewer of research and a qualified nurse I am accountable to ensure that any research reviewed had been handled ethically. Guiding ethical principles to consider in health care are; Non-malfeasance, Beneficence, respect for autonomy, informed consent, honesty and integrity, and the need to maintain confidentiality and anonymity. Awareness of all others research I am responsible for portraying other work fairly and objectively whilst acknowledgment by referencing, all materials discussed. Rigour: According to Vickers (1995) literature reviews should be subject to the same standards of scientific rigour as primary research. In other words, the process of extracting information from the published scientific data should it be scientific. In addition, Vikers (1995) further explains that two major characteristics of a well conducted study are transparency; meaning that the reasons for any conclusions written by the researcher are made explicit, and replicability; which implies that the research if carried out by the reader produces the same results. Therefore, in carrying out this study the researcher will ensure transparency and replicability by ensuring the collection, appraisal and analysis of data as well as representation of findings are comprehensive, thorough and systematic. Limitations: Resources will be limited with no financial support. Additional finance might have enabled you to employ the assistance of other researchers who would have aided you in the search, critique and bringing together of the literature (Aveyard, 2010). Seeking out grey literature will be time consuming. In contrast, Aveyard (2010) stated that the using of only published data could bias the result of the review. However, the amount of data available could be overwhelming for the novice and must be planned with care to avoid this happening. Punch (2006) stated that the delimitation means defining the limits of our drawing the boundaries around a study, and showing clearly what is and is not included. This is sometimes useful in avoiding misunderstanding by the reader. As a novice researcher the approach to the identification, critique and bringing together of the literature may not have been as thorough as that of a more experienced researcher (Aveyard, 2010). In any research, limitations should be expected. Thus, it is essential for a researcher to acknowledge anticipated limitations of a study (Punch, 2006). Some of the potential limitations of this study include; Inability to access data: As some databases are only accessible by members of a particular group or association. This may result in finding a limited amount of data that suit the purpose of the study which could in turn lead to bias. The researcher will endeavour to avoid this by going an extra length to access such databases including signing up to such groups or associations where possible. The inexperience of the researcher: This may result in discrepancies in the collection and critical analysis of data. The project time scale: This study is set to take place within a 12 month period and this may serve as a constraint. Project Timescale: This table outlines the project management plan (Time frame). Its anticipated that the study will take over 12 months, table below show how I will carry out the project over the coming months. Months Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Literature search Writing Proposal Data Analysis Result Summary Writing Dissertation Submitting Dissertation Recommendations for practice: As a result of the present study, the following are recommended: Design more intensive education program directed at all nursing student populations to increase their awareness of and compliance with universal precautions and in instituting polices. Ensure that all nursing students are fully immunised against hepatitis B before they begin clinical practice. Eliminate unnecessary needles from the hospital environment wherever possible and replace with safer products through implementation of industrial research for the development of new technologies that could improve working conditions and reduce the risk of occupational diseases in health care settings. Activate the tutors role in providing a high quality of monitoring and presence during clinical training education. Dissemination: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of the Academic Orientation Programme (AOP), and close supervision on needle stick injuries prevention among the nursing student population. Dissemination of the results is what makes the project valuable, dependent on the findings it is anticipated that the outcomes will support improvements in practice. As the outcome is intended as a resource for my department it is anticipated that the dissertation be communicated as a presentation. Therefore, for the findings of this study to have an effective impact, widespread distribution is important. The researcher proposes dissemination would be done via peer reviewed journals, seminar presentation to colleagues and members of staff of the Oxford Brookes University and via the internet for further education of the general public. Also, copies would be made available in the Oxford Brookes University library for students and other prospective researchers.